Solving Mining Industry Problems through Automation and Digitalization of Process Mineralogy Services

Over 200 Russian (and Soviet) patents were granted for EPD methods and devices across various fields, from medicine to metallurgy. Special governmental departments were active in development.

Publications continued to explore earlier versions of EPD, notably works by Lastra et al. (2003), Shibayama et al. (2003), and Shuloyakov et al. (2003).

The first commercial EPD device for mineral processing, the CNT EPD Spark-2, became available, marking a new era for the technology.

First commercial 3D laboratory set up in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Production engineering of EPD Spark-10 in Turkey. 3D-Lab set up in Kazakhstan, Australia, Canada, RSA, etc. E-waste and catalytic converter recycling using 3D-Tech.